How can an agency be created?

The creation of an agency can take various forms beyond just written contracts, making option B the most accurate choice. An agency relationship can arise through consent—where both parties agree to the relationship—estoppel, which occurs when a party is prevented from denying the agency due to their own previous actions or representations, necessity, where an agent acts on behalf of a principal without explicit authorization in situations requiring urgent action, or ratification, where a principal accepts the actions of an agent after the fact, thereby legitimizing the relationship retroactively.

In contrast, the other options are too restrictive. While written contracts certainly can establish an agency relationship, they are not the only method. Implied agreements or verbal contracts might create an agency; however, these do not encompass all the ways an agency can be formed, thus failing to capture the full breadth of the possibilities for agency creation. Therefore, recognizing the variety of ways an agency can be formed matters in understanding agency law.