What illegal act occurs when misrepresentation is used to gain an unjust advantage?

Fraud is characterized by the intentional deception that is made for personal gain or to damage another individual. It specifically involves the act of misrepresentation that leads to an unjust advantage. In the context of this question, there is a clear indication that false information or misleading representations are used deliberately to influence someone else's actions or decisions to benefit oneself unfairly.

For instance, if someone misrepresents their qualifications in a job application to secure a position they are not qualified for, this would be a classic case of fraud. The emphasis on gaining an unjust advantage encapsulates the essence of fraud as it is inherently about deceit and the exploitation of trust for personal benefit.

In contrast, other terms like collusion refers to secret agreements between parties to deceive or defraud others, but does not solely focus on misrepresentation. Bribery involves offering something valuable to influence someone's actions, which does not necessarily involve deceit in the form of false representations. Embezzlement is the act of illegally taking or misappropriating funds entrusted to someone’s care, which involves a breach of trust but does not primarily revolve around misrepresentation.

Thus, the use of misrepresentation to gain an unjust advantage is squarely defined as fraud, distinguishing it from the other acts that may also