Which of these can lead to the invalidation of a contract?

A contract may be invalidated for a variety of reasons, and one critical aspect that can lead to such invalidation is the failure to meet legal formalities. Contracts often require certain elements to be legally enforceable, such as being in writing, being signed by the parties, or following specific protocols as dictated by law. When these formalities are not adhered to, the validity of the contract can be challenged, rendering it unenforceable in a court of law.

For example, certain contracts must comply with statutes of fraud, which typically require certain types of agreements, like those involving real estate or those that cannot be performed within one year, to be in written form. If these legal requirements are not met, the contract lacks the necessary legal standing. Hence, the failure to fulfill these legal formalities is a valid reason for the contract's invalidation.